Alternative tribological coatings to electrodeposited hard chromium: a critical review

ABSTRACT

The traditional importance of hard chromium electroplating in surface engineering is recognised and the key features of this well-established technology are summarised. Despite the high hardness, corrosion protection and wear resistance of chromium electrodeposits, a number of alternative coating compositions and application techniques have been developed for specific applications in tribology. Environmental challenges associated with hard chromium electroplating are highlighted and the need to develop and evaluate alternative coatings is stressed. Key examples of the alternative coatings are described, including their method of application, microstructure and tribological performance in controlled service environments. Research needs requiring rapid development are highlighted. A summary is given of the most competitive coatings and those having the potential to match the performance of hard chromium in selected applications are identified.     

Study of modeling and simulation of full digital controlled PMIG／MAG welding system based on Matlab／Simulink

This paper presents an integrated simulation model for full digital controlled PMIG/MAG welding system with Matlab/Simulink, and it consists of power inverter, digital control system and dynamic arc-load model. An integrated simulation study was done for fuU digital PMIG/MAG welding, and a method of connecting dynamic arc-load model to the system with controlled current source was presented, in addition, the simulation results were utilized to study the issues of digital control PMIG/MAG welding in this paper. The experimental results validated the developed simulation model, and this simulation study can be applied in implementation of the full digital PMIG/MAG welding and analysis of system dynamic process.     

Characteristics of copper oxide films deposited by PBII&D

Copper oxide films were deposited by plasma based ion implantation and deposition using a copper antenna as rf sputtering ion source. A gas mixture of Ar + O₂ was used as working gas. During the process, copper that was sputtered from the rf antenna reacted with oxygen and was deposited on a silicon substrate. The composition and the chemical state of the deposited films were analyzed by XPS. The structure of the films was detected by XRD. It is observed that Cu₂O film has been prepared on the Si substrate. It is found that the microstructure of the deposited film is amorphous for the applied voltage of − 5 kV. The surface layer of the deposited films is CuO. This is because the surface layer absorbs the oxygen from ambient air after the treated sample was removed from the vacuum chamber. An appropriate applied voltage, 2 kV under the present conditions, brings the lowest resistance. It is also seen that the maximum absorbance of the deposited films moves to a lower wavelength with increased applied voltage.     

ZL114A铸铝搅拌摩擦焊接头性能

研究了采用不同焊接参数时ZL114A铸铝搅拌摩擦焊接头的金相组织、硬度分布及力学性能。结果表明，ZL114A铸铝的搅拌摩擦焊焊接性良好。焊核区的微观组织是无方向性的、细小的等轴晶粒。细化的硅粒子均匀布满整个焊核区。与粗大的树枝状母材相比，焊核晶粒细小、均匀而致密，没有观察到气孔等缺陷。焊缝区硬度分布较母材稳定，变化范围小。随着焊速增加，硅粒子所占体积比逐渐下降。热一机械影响区晶粒被拉长。接头的力学性能与焊接参数的匹配有关系。采用高焊速及转速与焊速比在3左右，获得的接头抗拉强度可达到母材的91％。焊后经T6热处理，可与同炉热处理母材等强。     

抛光CVD金刚石的夹具设计及实验研究

热铁盘法抛光CVD金刚石需要在800℃以上的真空环境下进行,抛光过程中金刚石的固定,常采用陶瓷胶粘结的方法,该法在实际使过程中经常出现陶瓷胶粘结不牢而导致金刚石脱落.据此设计出一套高温真空环境下使用的金刚石夹具,在抛光厚度0.7 mm的金刚石时,将其装夹在0.4 mm深的凹槽内,留出0.3 mm左右的高度以供抛光.加载方式可以实现加热过程中无载荷,抛光过程中施加载荷.实验表明,该夹具在抛光过程中,可以实现金刚石的完全固定,并能在273 mm/s的抛光速度条件下稳定工作.在温度800℃,速度273 mm/s,载荷2.54 kg,抛光30 min的条件下,金刚石表面粗糙度可由原始的Ra9.6 μm抛光至Ra0.16 μm.     

复杂车灯模具的电极设计难点及研究

介绍了轿车车灯及其模具的生产工艺流程，针对车灯模具的生产实际情况，说明了采用电火花加工的必要性及正确选择电极材料的重要性。分析了复杂车灯模具大型电极制作的难点，并重点研究了其解决措施，最后指出了设计模具加工用电极应注意的事项。     

CeO_2[100]∥MgO[100]in-plane Epitaxy for Bi-epitaxial Grain Boundary Junctions

ＣｅＯ２［１００］∥ＭｇＯ［１００］ｉｎｐｌａｎｅＥｐｉｔａｘｙｆｏｒＢｉｅｐｉｔａｘｉａｌＧｒａｉｎＢｏｕｎｄａｒｙＪｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓＹａｎｇＪｉａｎ，ＧｕＨｏｎｇｗｅｉ，ＭａＰｉｎｇ，ＣｈｅｎＬａｎｆｅｎｇａｎｄＣｈａｎｇＳｈｉａｎ（杨坚）...     

Principle of X-ray Ф-scan and Application ofHigh T_c Bi-epitaxial Junction

ＰｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｏｆＸ－ｒａｙФ－ｓｃａｎａｎｄＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＨｉｇｈＴ＿ｃＢｉ－ｅｐｉｔａｘｉａｌＪｕｎｃｔｉｏｎＹａｎｇＪｉａｎ，ＧｕＨｏｎｇｗｅｉ，ＭａＰｉｎｇ，ＣｈｅｎＬａｎｆｅｎｇａｎｄＣｈａｎｇＳｈｉａｎ（杨坚）（古宏伟）（...     

Nd60Al10Fe20Co10金属玻璃的变形行为

利用材料测试系统(MTS)、X-Ray衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段研究了Nd基大块金属玻璃的变形行为和断裂特征.Nd基大块金属玻璃样品在室温下是脆性断裂,大约在500 K时变形模式从非均匀变形转变为均匀变形,在523 K以上表现出显著的塑性变形.在5×10-4 m/s的应变速率下,这种Nd基大块金属玻璃材料在523 K～600 K之间出现明显的屈服应力下降现象,随后进入1种稳定的粘性流动状态,而且这种屈服下降现象与温度和应变速率有关.这种在过冷液相区的变形行为与其他大块金属玻璃变形特征相似.合金的这种塑性变形行为表明了其存在稳定的过冷液相区,同时对其变形行为的研究有助于进一步了解Nd基大块金属玻璃的反常热稳定性.     

纳米复合Ti-B-N薄膜的结构和摩擦学性能

研究了射频等离了体辅助化学气相沉积（PCVD）技术获得的Ti-B-N薄膜的组织结构和力学性能。结果发现，B元素的加入使薄膜中出现TiN纳米晶和BN非晶（nc-TiN／a-BN）的复合结构，其硬度显著高于TiN薄膜，最高可达40GPa。用球盘式摩擦磨损实验考察了薄膜的磨损特性。结果表明：与TiN薄膜相比，Ti-B-N薄膜抗磨损性能有显著提高，磨损机制与TiN薄膜不同，摩擦系数较TiN稍高。